Unesco’s Rhine Valley heritage site in Germany identifies the River Rohini of other ancient texts; it was one of the seven rivers who met at the Hellespont confluence of the Homeric epics near which Achaeans anchored their ships. Alexander’s India invasion account also reflects this point of confluence of rivers in the Phrygian country near Tyre.

Arrian’s account on Alexander’s invasion against India gives a geographical picture of the ancient river Rhine to which he called Keltic Rhine; a bridge over this river connects the river Istros in the same region where the rivers Euphrates and the Tigris were flowing has been mentioned. Historians see a point when they find the river Rhenos flowing in the Po region(also name of a river) of Italy and it suggests that this Rhenos and Rhine were one and the same river that owns a history in the Indus River Valley region itself. Here the Po means ‘Bo’(Pei-to or Bodhi Tree) that refers to the Tree of Wisdom in the Attalia area. Ptolemy calls it river Rhea flowing in the Margiane(or Magi) region.

Indian puranic tradition as well as Pali literature mentions a river in the name of Rohini which was the other name of the river Sarasawti, Homer’s Styx. Rohini river was passing through the city of Kapilavastu which the Buddha crossed on his Great Flight for Renunciation and reached the Lake Manasarovara or Manasseh(Mansio of the heritage site). Rohini was not only the name of a river, it is also name of a star, and also name of a tree and name of a goddess.

The Upper Middle Rhine Valley heritage site of Unesco stretches around 65 km from Bingen to Rüdesheim and Koblenz and it contains sixty towns and settlements, forty castles and forts, and the vineyard terraces in a picturesque landscape that influenced writers and artists through ages.

According to Unesco, ‘The Rhine is one of the world’s great rivers and has witnessed many crucial events in human history. .. It is a cultural landscape that has been fashioned by humankind over many centuries and its present form and structure derive from human interventions conditioned by the cultural and political evolution of Western Europe. …over the past two centuries’.

History of the Rhine Valley mostly is the history of the ‘inhabited world’ itself; the names which constitute the place-names of the Valley are a blueprint of the names of the ‘ancient world’ that gives a detailed picturesque view of the world which is no more today. Rhine Valley itself is a typical museum of human memory that holds the addresses of ancient migrants’ first-homes.  The ‘romantic Rhine’ consists of the formerly volcanic region of Siebenge-birge and the Drachenfelsv volcano gave rise to the idea of artificial volcano.

There is no question of Romans settling in the Valley from mid-1^st century B.C. to 400 A.D. as suggested by scholars by looking at an old road link connecting Mainz and Cologne;

Rheinbollen—Rohini-bollen seems to refer to the Rohini Tree which an aged Groom/Bride first marries before he or she ties a wedlock.

Stahleck Castle—Togloka/Takka/Kahala Palace

Mansio—-Manasseh/Manasarovara Lake

Tencteri, Usipetes, Menapii and Eburones tribes were the ancient peoples of Germany who were the first dwellers of this Rhine Valley. But these names are found in Ptolemy’s Geography that identify these tribes in the Indus Valley/Gangetic region.

Tencteri—Bateriana/Turintara

Usipetes—Sipiberis or Sitte-beris in the Kanogiza area(Konigswinter of the heritage site);Soppar region near Urva.

Menapia and Ebousmouanassa are the name of places which Ptolemy has placed in the Baktriane region where the river Oxus was flowing then.  There he mentions Estobara(Istros of the heritage site) and Markanda as name of two towns.

The confrontation between the Romans and the Franks happened on the confluence of the river Indus on the land of the frankincense. .

Mero-vingian King Clovis of 5^th century to whom historians find as founder of the Franconian Kingdom is not right; he belonged to the royal house of Mary or the Mauryas or the Mayura, means the ‘Peacock’. Romans should be first identified with the royal seat at ancient Troy. Abbots of Prum and Trier are identified with this divine city; while the former identifies the King of Troy, the latter is as same as Troy itself.

Boppard—Bovara/Bo-bad/Badarika

St Severus—A Saint from Savara tribe.

Carmelite—Carmala/Karmala

Bingen— Bin-gen/Begunia/Bhagini

Remagen—Rema-gen/Roma-Jinn/ A Woman Teacher of repute.

Bacharach—-Bach-arch/Baku of the Baktrians/Bacchus/ Basava

Oberwesel—Ober-wesel

St Goar—A saint from Gauri

Koblenz—Kophen/Kapil where three/five rivers met

Sinzig—Simha/Lion’s people

House of Hohenstaufen—Hohen-staufen/means Han kings of Strabon in Koblenz.

Count Palatine—Pateli/Potala/Seat of Patelene

Hermann—Her-mann/Hor-mann

Counts of Katzenelnbogen—Katze-neln-bogen/Kanauja-neln–bogen

Marksburg—Markan-burg/Makka-burg

Baldwin—Bardman

Reichenberg—Rumkuni-berg

The tributaries of the Rhine: Nahe, Moselle and Ahr on the left and Lahn, Wied and Sieg on the right identify their ancient counterparts like ,

Siebengebirge— Sie-benge-birge /Sri-Bana-birge/

Drachenfelsv—Dakshina-felsv/; –felsv means ‘varsh’ or country; it is Negev/

Dakshina means ‘South’.

Nahe—Noah(name of a place, and name of a ‘title’)/Naha means ‘boat’/nahi means ‘navel’ means at the ‘centre of the earth’

Moselle—name of an ancient port

Lahn—Loha/Lahan/Labang/Laha-laha that identifies the fire of the volcano.

Wied—-Ihud/Oudh/Wardha/Ohind

Sieg—Siggala/Saggala/Svarg at Tribeni

The wine region in the Valley is called Mittelrhein or Mittle-rhein; this identifies the Mitra(means ‘Sun’/’Fire’/Friend’) or the region of the Mithradites who then owned the plains of the vineyards in the Mt Sumeru region near Uru/Ur. It also signifies the ancient Rohan along with it.

Important cities in the region includes: Bingen, Bacharach, Oberwesel, St Goar, and Boppard on the left bank; Koblenz on the Upper Middle Rhine; Andernach, Bad Breisig, Sinzig, Remagen and Bonn on the Lower Rhine; and  Rudesheim, Assmannshausen, Lorch, Kaub, St Goarshausen, and Braunach on the right bank; Lahnstein on the Upper Middle, and Vallendar, Bendorf, Neuwied, Bad Honningen, Linz am Rhein, Bad Honnef and Konigswinter on the Lower Part. These places can be restored to their ancient counterparts from where the ancient migrants came.

Andernach—Ander-nach/Ande or Andhakas

Bad Breisig—Baisali/Bisal

Rudesheim—Rudes-heim/Rudra-heim/Rhadamanthys

Assmannshausen—Assmann-shausen/Asmakn-Sasana(also simahasana)

Lorch—Loka/Larika/Loika

Kaub—Settlements of Kaba/Kabi

Braunach—Brau-nach/Bru settlement

Lahnstein—Lahn-stein/Laha-stein/Rohan

Vallendar—Bhandaghar/Bharanda/Jalandar

Bendorf—Ben-dorf

Neuwied—Neu-weid

Bad Honningen—Bada Hon-ningen

Linz am Rhein—Goddess Lanzi(Luz)

Bad Honnef—Bada Hon-nef

It is not correct when scholars say that the terraces of the Middle Rhine Valley have been inhabited since the early Iron Age. Evidences collected from barrow fields around Boppard forest and the forest of Brev and the ring walls on the Dommelberg in Kolblenz along with the giant hill of Goarshausen collectively the story of the ancient migrants who settled in the region only after 8^th c A.D.