Story of Aeneas, which narrates the story of the origin of the Romans, as scholars believe, sees the foundation of the City of Rome at a later time when it was rebuilt on 22nd April 753 B.C. and this events were reckoned A.U.C. anno urbis conditae , ‘in the year of the city’ foundation’. Aeneas’ arrival at Lavana island while marks Dido’s country, it simultaneously identifies the land of Levi’s three sons.
Similarly, William Durant’s Caesar and Christ, marks the royal seat of administration of Caesar along with historic connection of this holy land with Jesus Christ. This book, to quote W. Durant, contains the ‘cultural history’ and it ‘lavishly discusses government, industry, manners, morals, the status of women, law, philosophy, science, literature, religion and the art. Besides the varied pageant of the Catos, the Scipios, the Gracchi, of Hannibal, Marius, Sulla, Catiline, Pompey, Caesar, Antony, Cleopatra, and the Emperors, good bad and indifferent, we view Cicero…Lucretius, Catullus, Virgil, Horace, Ovid, Tacitus, Juvenal, and such cultivators of latter day Hellenism as Plutarch, Lucian and Marcus Aurelius, …’ . This is Rome, which looks at the royal seat at Caesarea.
This name Caesar denotes the name of the royal place from where Caesar controls his administration, and applies his royal authority. This is the place that attaches itself to the sacred story of Roman Civilization, a term which historians of all hues as well as the common man in the street feels pride of this name without knowing the etymology of ‘Rome’ which identifies with it the Island of Blest, and describes its Emperor’s land from the Euphrates to the Hadrian’s Wall, and beyond. The Romans find in ‘class war of Gracchi against the Senate, of Marius against Sulla, of Caesar against Pompey, and of Antony against Octavian’, and this describes the ‘whole’ of the ‘inhabited world’ with the history of Emperors of this holy land as well as the story of the world epics.
Herod Agrippa I and II are mentioned as coming to Caesarea in AD 44 and A.D. 60 respectively. Similarly, Paul’s Mission I and II covers as many places as one can see from Tyre(ancient Troy) to Jerusalem(Hade of Homeric epics), and also from Caesarea to Ptolemais, and then Cos and Rhodes etc. Paul in Caesarea is very historic in nature as he faces house arrest in Rome which was at the end of the world on the west.. He was a native to this region as his village lies in the same name as his own here. Caesarea, Rome, Caesarea Maritima, and seat of Praetorium are all different sites inside the same city that identify temples. Caesarea Maritima locates the Temple of Juno, and Phlm identifies the temple of ‘brahma’. It is really very interesting to see that Caesarea Maritima identifies itself with original manuscript of the Hebrew Bible. And this marks thus the seat of provincial governor of Judae at Caesarea Maritima.
Caesarea of the classics and the Bible are identical with Kesuria of the Indian puranic tradition. It again marks the Kosala kingdom which has different name-forms like Cos and Kos of other ancient texts. This is a place-name as well name of a country.
Historians make an academic division of the ‘ancient India’; and according to some of them, ‘Eastern India’ means, Kosala, Kasi, Magadha, Kalinga, and Suramasa. And for this division they take the name of Panini, who in reality, does not mean ‘east’ of the modern India.
During Panini’s time Kasi was not an independent monarchy; it was part of the ancient Kosala. As this particular country was hemmed in between Kosala and Magadha, it wears a very confusing geographical situation of its own.
Scholars find Ikshavaku janapada as same as Kosala; and river Sarayu which is linked to Ajodhya of the epic the Ramayana, also considered as a river of Kosala.
Physician Kritodemos, who treated Alexander after he was wounded, is seen as a physician of Kos, an Asklepiad by birth. Some other account says that he was his bodyguard also. Aesculapius was considered as name of a god. His descendants were called Asklepiadai, and had their principal seats at Kos. Later history this name as Ashakiron, also name of a ‘Gate’ in Magadha.
The Periplus informs that ‘silk was first spun in the island of Cos by Pampile, daughter of Plates. The fabric was the famous Coa vestis(marks the river Koa), or transparent gauze (woven also at Tyre and elsewhere in Syria), which came into favour in the time of Caesar Augustus. Pliny mentions Pamphile of Cos, ‘who discovered the art of unwinding the silk…’
Pali literature preserves the detail account of Kosala and Magadha of the 6th c B.C. as the Buddha spent most of his time in these two ancient kingdoms. According to this source, Kosala was name of a tribe, whose country was to the north-west of Magadha and next to Kasi. Those Kosala kings who succeeded in annexing Kasi into their kingdom were designated as Barana-siggaha. This also identifies name of a place. At the time of the Buddha, Sravasti was the capital of Kosala; next to it in importance was Saketa. But some other authors find Saketa and Sravasti as one and the same place. According to this source, Kapilavastu was under the dominion of Kosala kingdom. River Saraju(Sajjur of the Bible) divided the Kosala into two parts; Uttara Kosala and the Dakshina Kosala. Achiravati and Sundarika are the other two rivers of Kosala. Here Dakshina identifies the ‘South’ or Negev of the Bible.
Kesari which means ‘Siha’ or ‘Lions’(Hebr Laish) refers to rise of a dynasty in this name much later in the 3rd or 4th c B.C.; and a king in this name is also seen who was murdered during the time of Moses. He was one of those five kings who are identified with ‘trees’. Anciently, Romans, or the Ramanaka people were identified with Lakuchi or the Lote Tree( of the Bible). And the inhabitants of the Ramyak, who were called the Ramanakas were thus called the Licchhavis, or the worshippers of the ‘Lakuchi Tree’ during the time of the Buddha. Buddhist literature finds enmity of the Licchhavis with the Vrijj people. Vrijj identifies the Bhoja peoples who were also known as the Pitnikias. It was also a place-name.
Rama of the epic Ramayana was also a Ramanaka; and the place where the ‘Head’ of the Koliyans in the 6th c B.C. was staying was known to the ancient world as Rama-grama. It was situated then on the bank of the river Indus.
Because of their braveness and physical beauty, these ancient people who identify themselves with strength of the lions, put idols of ‘two lions’ at the eastern entrance gate of their royal palace. This tradition goes one step forward when temples adopted this tradition of keeping ‘two lions’ at the ‘eastern gate’ of most of the temples except the Skythian seat of worships. Heracles defeated the Nemeans lions; and the latter identifies Nemea as a place in Kosala near Martha, which marks the Bulls of Martha, his second Labour.