The problem attached with human scholarship is ‘something is believed when it is seen’; and the happenings which are not realised within our observable time frames raise many questions relating to their origin and time; and continuity of those happenings of the past when are experienced beyond a life time’s observation and spread generation after generations, and help arising human curiosities, they perpetuate a literary tradition in humans’ memory.

An unimaginable past’s discussion corrupts human scholarship. Unseen things’ earthy experience creates differences among human beings. It is totally wrong and fatal for today’s human scholarship to find writings on cosmological matters by ancient writers as incoherent and divisive in contents.

There was nothing like the Second Temple Period of Jews, and Christians in the ‘past’; and the ‘past’ of cosmic knowledge in humans’ understanding and experience cannot be questioned by today’s academic scholarship.

There is no difference at all in the meaning of the terms relating to ‘creation stories’ among the Jews or the Christians, or among any of their faith-partners in history of human civilization either of their times or before their times.

The Hebrew Bible’s views on geographical situation of earth and its shape are very simple like that of Ptolemy’s peripheral map of the ‘inhabited world’.  It was a ‘flat’ land completely surrounded by water on all sides; and the Heaven, realm of the gods, was a real land on earth.  It was the place from where fates of humans are decided; all events on earth are controlled from here.  But usually scholars see the evolution of Jewish cosmological belief during the Second Temple Period and soon thereafter they relate its course to Hellenistic concept of the ‘Heaven’.  Here again the meaning of the word ‘Jewish’ and ‘Temple’ are misunderstood that holds the meaning of the term ‘Heaven’.

Though English translation of ‘Mandira’ means ‘Temple’ is wrong, Mandira identifies a place called Madira, which is again the same as Medea, Midian, Madra; ‘Mada’ or Madira’, means, in reality, the place of ‘mada’ or ‘madira’ or the ‘wine’, the vineyard region. It signifies the region of vine production as well as the ‘Temple’ or the ‘Manidra’ where ‘madira’ is served to the God, and also used only by the priest class people, or the kings.

The Hebrew ‘raqia’ means ‘arka’, or the place of ‘Sun’ or the City of Sun; it is ‘uruk’ of the Bible. It was a place near Ur. Almagest stands to identify Al-Magest, means God Mages same as Place of Worship Sage Mogha, Indra of Heaven. The body-relics temple of this Sage at Shechem or Sri-Kantha identifies the geographical situation of the scriptural ‘Heaven’ on earth.

The basic feature of the cosmological stories centres around the ‘sun’; the creation of the universe according to Egyptian creation story identifies the ‘primordial mound’ at the centre of the earth, and this mound was in Thebes itself;  the eclipses which explained the moon being swallowed temporarily by  the sun being attacked by a serpent again sees three geographical landmass involved in  this story: Egyptian land was a part of the Fertile Crescent of the Bible same as the Moon Country; the Serpent pinpoints its neighbouring land, and the sun represents the land of the sun towards its east. The raqia, or Arka, was a dome-shaped place(like the one at the top of a temple called nauti or dadhi-nauti); from this word originated the Hebrew ‘natah’.

At the raqia God  God set the sun(Psalms 19:4) and the stars (Gn 1:4) on the fourth day of the creation.; ‘sheol’ at the bottom of the earth (Isa. 14: 9; Num. 16: 30) explains very well the geographical position of the land of the Yama, King of Death, a place at the centre of all ancient texts. This is ancient Jerusalem, near the site of a volcano.

Raqia(Gen. 1:6–7, 20) where the celestial bodies move(Gen. 1:14–17)  along with the sun that identifies the Star Mogha and the Heaven  (Gen. 1:8; Ps. 19:2). Here the reference to ben Sira(43:8), or ‘Benu at Sir or Sri’,  is most important because there exists the place of the Benu bird same as the Phoenix. There are a number of parameters applying which a scholar can locate this ‘Heaven’ on earth.

Descriptions of the ‘universe’ as described in Genesis 1:1 to 2:3 represents the real inhabited world of Ptolemy’s maps which can people experienced. This raqia was exactly the land or neighbouring to the land of the King Mesh whose historic land has been versified in all ancient texts. It was adjacent to the source of the river Ganges(Gaga or Gaza of modern writers).

Creation stories of Mesopotamia are not different from creation stories of Indian puranas. The meaning of the ‘centre of the earth’ is as same as the terms,  Middle Country, Middle District, Madhya-bhubana, Madhya-desha and Mid-India. Various writers have described this name in various ways at different times of history. Ocean at four sides of this original land gave the idea of junction of seas at the ‘sheol’ itself which was at the bottom of the maps of the inhabited world map called Jambudvipa.