Not a single line on Alexander’s visit to ancient Rome has been written either by scholars of ancient history or by scholars of classics; this reflects the major error in understanding the ancient world and its geographical history concerning, ancient tribes, ancient dynasties and ancient place of worships. Alexander’s army marched forward to Marakanda (not Samarkanda), then thought to be the capital of the Sogdiana satrapy. Later it became the capital of Timour. Here Markanda identifies its biblical relationship with Marcion, and also marks the hermitage of Sage Markanda of Indian puranic tradition who has written a book the Great Flood.

It stood in the valley of the Polytimetos, a region of exuberant fertility and beauty that it figures in the Persian poetry as one of the four paradise of the world. Alexander remained here for some time. He then advanced to the river Jaxartes, which formed the boundary between the Persian empire and the Skythian tribes. While the river Jaxartes is connected with the river Indus, Scythian tribes are historically mentioned as staying at the foot of the Mt Gerium of the Bible. This mountain identifies itself with Arabela which has various name forms like Mt Alavi of Pali texts, Alburg of the Avesta and Alaba of other texts, and Olebe of Homer’s epics.

But the Greeks confounded these tribes with the Tanais or Don. In reality the Tanais is not Don but it was neighbourly to the region of the Dan community near the Dan river.

Alexander founded Alexandreia on the banks of the river Jaxartes, which the Greeks called for distinction sake Eschate, or the ‘Extreme’. This term identifies the ancient Rome itself which was at the edge of the world, and which was on the west. This new city of Alexandreia is very close to Rome; name of Alexander is itself a coined name of two places: Alika and Sundara, two interesting places of ancient history. It is neighbourly to Rome on the ‘south-east’. During Chinese pilgrims’ times it was known to ancient world as Alsanda., and it was capital of Menander who is known to history after he adopted Buddhist ‘way’ of life as King Milinda. Epeiros, which Alexander also visited, was again neighbourly to this capital city on the ‘south’. All places which are reflected in Alexander’s India invasion account are packed within a single landmass as Ptolemy has shown in his peripheral map of the ‘inhabited world’.

The term ‘end of the world’ has been misunderstood by our scholars as a result of which errors have entered into world history from all sides and from all angles.