Unesco sees world heritage site of Armenia at Monasteries of Haghpat and Sanahin belonging to Byzantium era in the region of Tumanian where the Kiurikian dynasty was ruling during 10^th to 13^th c A.D.

Armenia sits at the cross-road of history of human civilizations, and thus, its history is connected to the ancient history of most of the nations of the world; no nation in the world can write the final line of its history without referring to Armenia’s contribution to it.

Armenia is a country in the South Caucasus region located in the Western Asia bordered by Turkey to the west, Georgia to the north, Artsakh and Azerbaijan to the east, and Iran and exclave of Nakhchivan to the south.

Inhabitants of Armenia know it as Haya-stan/Haya-stani or Hanrapetutvan / Hanra-petutvan; It is Haya and Haya-mukha country of Indian puranas; it was a part of Hatya-harana and Hataka or Hittite country of other ancient texts. Its Persian identity is most important but this remains mostly unconnected to academic scholarship.

Armenia’s ancient identity as Hayasa, or Hayk or Hay suggests its geographical proximity with Azzis, same as Ahis or the Nagas, means the ‘Serpents’ who were then ruling in Ahi Island, same as Ajo(-dhya) or the Ajha dvipa of the epic the Ramayana. The Hayas-Azzi confederation is not the right term to see the two neighbouring countries in the Negev region falling under the Hittite or the Hataka country of the ancient world. Hayas were the Harayus or the Hari people who were known to history as Hebrews. Indian puranic traditions know them as inhabitants of the Hari-varsha where all of its people were called in one-name ‘Hari’. And they were the Israelites of the Bible. Indian puranas also knew them as ‘Hi Hi Hu Hu’ peoples. They were lower devas of ancient texts; but ‘Hari stands for the other name of Vishnu. Mesopotamia was just at the other end of the Haya country which is identified as the country of King Mesh; it is also known as Seir whose god is Chemosh or Kumar of Indian puranas. Ha-ia is as same as Hi Hu; but Akkadian and Babylonian god Ea identifies the Ya or Yahweh of the Bible who is identified with Ahura Mazda of the Avesta. The term Akkadian has been derived from Arka or Acco means ‘the place of the Rising Sun’. Ebla Hayya means the Hari people at Alaba or Eleb or Alburg near Uru or Ura country. Ura also identifies itself with Hari or Uri people. Mt Sumeru is as same as Mt Alburg; the former’s southward extension is called by the name of Alburg. Shupria of some other texts identifies Supparaka at the foot of the Mt Sumeru. Enki refers to Enkidu of the epic the Gilgamesh which happened in Uru region itself. It may means Yakni or Agni identifying the Achaeans of Homer’s epics.

Armenia holds the key to facts of ancient migration and thus ancient history of its people is ancient history of world migration itself. Name Orontid is well established in history; it can be seen through Orontos and Rock of Arronous of Alexander’s Indian invasion accounts; it identifies Aruna, Aruneh, Aaron, Rabi, Sun, City of the Sun, and ancient Arab in the neighbourhood of Jerusalem. Name Phrygia is as same as Bagh or Bagha means ‘Tiger’ which identifies both the ‘Vyaghra-Patha’( or Tiger’s Path) and the River Tigris in the Hittite region that identifies Kophe/Kapil/Kabul along with it. It is exactly the Silk Road of ancient history. Urartu here defines Uttara Kuru which includes kingdom of Judah as same as Jadus of Indian purans. Arshakuni Dynasty marks Harsha Dynasty; Orbelian Dynasty is as same as Arbela or Alavi Dynasty(Orbo) which also identifies itself with dynasty of King Milinda, Kingdom of Artsakh, kingdom id Cilician Armenia and Mihr Dynasty similarly are identified with Mihirkul of Indian history.

Armenia’s root is in ‘Aram’ or simply in ‘Ram’; this name ‘Ram’ does not identify ‘Rama’ of the epic the Ramayana but Parsu-Rama who although was contemporary to Rama, left the world voluntarily when learned that Rama had born in the world, the Avatara that followed after Parsuram. The latter’s descendant were called the ‘Pharaoh’; the symbol of Parsuram is the royal symbol of the Pharaohs, i.e.  pharsa. This fact is unknown to Egyptologists who fight archaeologically to explore the ancient Persia and ancient Egypt in the present Iran and Egypt. This name Parsuram is linked Parsum of the Periplus at the ‘junction of the seas’; Parsuram’ a father was Jamad-Agni(Jerusalem-Achaeans) and his mother was Renuka(Aruna and/or arka-kshetra) and her name identifies nine other holy places including the ancient Jerusalem, or the seat of worship of Jama, King of Death. Ancient Babylon and ancient Ararat identifies ancient Byblos and the Mt Ayiravat(Hasti or the Elephant of Indra). While Haya marks ancient Aram neighbourly to Jerusalem, story of the Flood is linked to Mt Ararat and Noah. Hermitages of Parsurama and his parents were then situated in Mt Kanvaya, as same as Canaan of the Bible; it is also as same as Qumran or Kamrup of history.

Aram also identifies the biblical Abram and ‘brahma’ of Indian puranic traditions; many ancient texts connect the term with a ‘region’ called by this name ‘brahma’ which means the ‘seats of bone-relics’ of ancient gods, sages and royal peoples. It also identifies a place where ancestors were remembered and worshipped and a festival in their memory was held every year in a fixed day of the year.

Hayasa-Azi or Azzi-Hayasa should not be seen as a Late Bronze Age confederation; Azzi is as same as Arjjuneyas or the Trojans of Troy; they were Ajas or the Nagas or the Serpents in the Negev from which the term Azi as Ahis or Nagas has been derived. South of Trabzon means Mt Tabu/Mt Zion in the Hittite region in the Negev near the meeting point of ‘Three Rivers’ called Trabzon. It includes Manasseh or Manasarovara Lake. Hatti means the Elephant that identifies the Hasti tribe people on the bank of the river Ganges. Latter’s source was in this lake. Azzi was neighbourly to Haya country and the lake was in between them. Lake Van identifies the Sita-van of the Babylon; the history of Tudhaliya is the history of the Tuladhara Kings; while Samuha is identified with Sahma on its border, Telipinu and Barbarians similarly both make a clear statement on their neighbourly relations to Azis and to Hittite kingdom in the Negev. Map of Hittite kingdom has been given by ancient geographers which show both of them as a part of Udaka or the Udra country.  Ros or Santarasa  exactly depicts Marassantiya or Ma Ras Santiya means ‘Mother Santa at Ras/Ros’; Hattusa here reflects the geographical situation of the ancient Atthasa near it. Kingdom of Kaska refers to kingdom of Cush at Babylon as well as at Cush; this kingdom also include six other places including Santa Ros and Zericho. Elephantine or the Kingdom of Hasti was more towards the ocean or the Salt Sea near Amenhotep identifying the seat of worship of Amon or the Sun God near Prasum. Kingdom of Arzawa should be considered as kingdom of ancient Arjjuna tribe(it marks name of a tree).  Suppiluliuma refers to Supparaks and Uluma, pointing to an ancient port town as well as the royal seat at Ur or Uru/Ura kingdom. Various inscriptions of the ancient world do not refer to the history of the ‘second homes’ of the migrants. They reflect the geographical situations prior to their forced migrations. As learned section of the first-society first moved out of their homelands, they carried with them the literature and the symbols of their civilised identity with them to their far off unknown destinations. It is not right to attach the hunter-gatherer story to the ancient people who migrated and settled in various parts of the world.

The Annals of Mursili describe story of the ancient Mussoli/Musuli or the country of the Mousikanos or the country of the Musikas(Rat-tribes). This identifies the Baal region. Behistan Inscriptions marks Bhrta kingdom or the Ephorate Kingdoms of the Greeks.

Greeks called Aramites as Syrians because of Mesh; latter’s country was known by the name Seir, name of Syria has been derived from this name and it was a place near Saur or Soreyya in the neighbourhood of Aram on the south. Ithica was just on its north. According to the Bible, Aram, son of Shem/Sham, had four sons: Uz, Hul, Gether, and Mesh; Hul established the country of Aram. Name Hul can be seen through the name of Ulay as well as in the name of Adulis or Aulis; Indian puranic name of Ahalya comes closer to its geographical meaning.

Haghpat Monastery, it is said, was founded(9^th c A.D) by Queen Khosrovanuysh, wife of the Bagratid King Ashot III. Sanahis monastery is near it;  both are in the Lori region and they overlook the Debed River. There is no doubt at all that the name Bagratid refers to the country of Bagh(a title exists in the name of ‘Bag’) in the plain of Bagh who were also worshipping the goddess Bag-mati means ‘Bagala-mukhi’;  Name Ashot marks king Ashok and name of the Queen Khosrovanuysh identifies her with Khosro vamsa(means clan), same as Kesuria or Caesarea or the Roman clan people at Kosala on the bank of the river Daya, same as Dio and again the same as Debed. Ashok fought his famous Kalinga war on the bank of this river in 3^rd c B.C.

Armenia’s geographical situation around the Mt Ararat(Mt Raibata/Ayiravat) identifies it with the seat of worship of Indra, King of Heaven. Bronze Age concept for the present Armenia is wrong; name Areni of the Areni cave complex marks Aruna/Arronous and Mt Raibat which anciently was famous for vineyards. The vine god Dionysus is associated with this mountain and his birthplace, according to Pliny, was at Charax. Alexander visited this Place. It was a place in ‘ancient India’.

Places which have gone into the legend of Hayk fighting against Belus at Cavustepe were real places; Belus was neighbourly to Hayas, and the Engil river is as same as the river Aingal which identifies seat of worship of Caspo or Kasyapa; Cavustepe or stupa of Kapotika or Coptus in Mt Caucasus region was  near the Caspian Sea also;  and the latter was again in the neighbourhood of the country of King Mesh on the border of Arka or Akka. Gutian dynasty of Sumer pinpoints Mt Sumeru and the Skythian settlements near it at the foot of the Mt Gerizzim.

Historians have written extensively on several Bronze Ages of Greater Armenia which describes story of migrants’ ancient homelands near Mt Sumeru and Mt Raibat. History of 6^th c B.C. is well preserved in Pali literature. Orontid dynasty and Achaemenid Empire belonged to the same geographical plain of the river Tigris near ancient Jerusalem. Achaemenid is as same as Achaeans of Homer’s epics. Orontid similarly marks Orion of Ulysses’ journey from Troy to Ithica.

All ancient empires stood like trees on a highroad in a single defined geographical plain; a kingdom represented like a distinct village unit; Achaemenid Empire, Sasanian Empire, Byzantine Empire, Ottoman Empire, Parthian Empre, Roman Empire, Mongolian Empire, Arab Empire, Seljuk Empire, and Assyrians, Greeks and Persian Empires were all related to each other like neighbours in discharging their royal duties. This can be seen through the geographical position of the ancient Aram or from the Armenian settlements very clearly. Scholars see Armenian religious belief in Zoroastrianism; butt talk of their worship of Mithra means ‘Sun’; others considers this as ‘Fire’; Persian ‘Mithras’ is as same as Indian ‘Mitra’; Roman history finds Mithradates as rulers of ancient Ura or Uru, same as Uruvela of the Buddhist literature. Other gods linked to Armenian’s belief are included, Aram-azd, Vahagn, Anahit, and Astaghik. These four gods not only form a common ‘base’ and a ‘unit’ related to   the geographical origin and ‘meaning’ of their ‘names’ but also history of places attached with them narrate the history of the ‘inhabited world’ itself. Aramazd, Vahgn, and Anahit stands as Tri-deities exactly like the Tri-deities of Sri Jagannath Temple at Puri. Here Vahgn is Bhagini(means ‘Sister’), and Anahit as Ananta(Sse Naga): Aram-azd is Brahma-azd or Jagannath representing Zion or Jina. This temple of the Tri-deities was also built in 11^th c A.D. Astaghik marks the ‘Asta-chakra’ as same as ‘Sudarshan’ showing the  ‘Eight-arms(angas)’ or the ‘Eight–Ways/Path’ of the ‘Dharma-chakra’. Here Asta means ‘Eight’.

Anahit tradition was observed in Erez, Armavir, Artadhat and Astishat countries; A mountain in Sophene district was known as Anahit’s throne or Athor Anahit. Erez was a place in Akilisene province or Ekeghiats, also called Anahtakan Gavar.

Erez—Vajra/Arakh/Arka/Brajapura/Rajju

Armavir—Amaravati

Artadhat—Artadhvaj/Artatrana/Artadhvani

Astishat—Astipura

Sophene—Sobhana

Akilisene—Eknasa/Ekchaliya

Ekeghiats—Ekghariya

Anahtakan Gavar—Anahuta Guhya/Anasara Gruha

Names of gods, goddesses, and their seats of worships as found and as recorded in all world religions, in Greek classical literature, and in other ancient texts refer to a particular geographical region and thus have a common geographical origin; and these seats of worships were neighbourly to each other. This can be seen from their names when etymological origin of names of gods and goddesses are studied in various modern languages. Meaning of both Nana and Nani show their  common etymological origin; meaning of Nana as ‘Brother’ or a ‘Priest’ and Nani as ‘Sister’ or a ‘Priestess’ identify them with place-names. Temple of goddess Nana at Thil identifies Thule of other texts, and the river on whose bank tit stands marks the river Lycus or Li-Cos, the river flowing through the country of the Romans(Licchavis of Cos mean Romans); the tradition of looking at the beginning of the New Year gives some clue to look at the ancient world; both Am’nor or the God Amon or the Sun God along with the Phoenix and the Benu Bird and list of names of days, months make a ‘geographical unit’ to explore the ‘base’ from where the tradition of New Year originated keeping in view ‘March 21’ as indicative of the time for the festival with which it is slinked.

Names of place of worship hold the wide historic base ; Vahagn, Valarshak, and Vahevunis. Astaghik and Astishat identify their geographical origin along with Astarte, Astalokapla and Astagrma or Eight Villages(Saptagrama of the Periplus).

The two monastic complexes of Haghpat and Sanahin are situated in the Lori Marz (region) of Armenia. Historians show them to have been built during the 10th to 13th centuries with elements of Byzantine ecclesiastical architecture and the traditional vernacular architecture of the Caucasus. While Marz pinpoints the ancient Magians/Magha/Mauryas, Lori identifies itself with ancient Lohi/Rohi/Uri/Ori or Loi/Rai people in a single compact geographical plain.

History of present Lori as archaeologists themselves have said is a declaration of the ‘whole’ of the geographical situation of the ‘inhabited world’ ; academic world should now read it once again to trace the origin of the ‘language’ it makes on behalf of the present inhabitants of Armenia’s past glory. Lori was the capital of the Kingdom of Tashir-Dzoraget in 1065. Tashir was Lori’s original name. Tashit’s root is in ‘Toshita’ means ‘Heaven’ which is identified with the seat of worship of Ahura Mazda of the Avesta, same as Dzoraget; it was a part of the Uttara Kuru or Urartu kingdom which scholars find to have been flourished during 8^th and 6^th B.C. Ptolemy has shown this deified region of Ottorrokorah in his maps; it is exactly the Byzantine kingdom of the Bible that includes Judea, Elephantine, Bethel, Galilee, Luz, Bethany, and Jerusalem. Both Cyprus and Cyrus were included in it. Achaeans were neighbourly to this Uttara Kuru like the Mithras and Gugark; the latter is as same as the Gargis(of the Kingdom of Georgia). House of Mihran is identified with the Mihra or the Mahra. They were the ancient Mauryas of the Mayura country to which Mary belonged. Name Kiurike has been derived from the name Kuru(Cyrus); names like God Kartikeya,Kubera, Kurukula, and Krutika(name of a star, name of a month, and name of Abrham’s second wife and the mother of God Chemosh, or Kumar)  are geographically assciated with the Kuru region. Kartikeya or Chemosh is linked with creations-story. He is God of creation according to the Assyrians(Seir).

The term ‘khachkars’(or kha-chkars) is central to this world heritage site in Armenia that identifies the ancient ‘Sri-kshetra’(also Sri-ckhakra) where the seat of worship of the ‘four deities’ Aramazd, Vahgn, Anahit and Astaghik are located along with Indra(Thunder God); this place or kshetra had ‘four gates’ known by the settlements of ancient tribes: Siha(Lion’s Gate), Bagha(Tiger’s Gate), Hasti(Elephant’s Gate), and Ghoda(Horse-Gate).

Places like Haghpat(Hagh-bata means ‘Agni-Path’),Sanahin (Sahan/San), Bagratids(Bagha/Bagh-mund),  Astvatsatsin(Asvtatha-san), Amena-prkich(Amon-brikha(means‘tree’/Neema-bruksha),Grigor (Gargi/Gaga), Harutyun(Mt Hor/Herat/Har-Utyan), Hakob(Kabi/Kolab), Nishan (Naisha/ Nisada/ Nysa/Naimisha) , Kuru(or Kiurikian/Karuna), and Rohi/or Rohit and Uru.

According to Unesco,’The Amenaprkich (Redeemer) khachkar (cross-stone) (AD 1273) is located at the northern entrance of St Nshan Church….Sanahin used to be the administrative centre and family burial place of the Kyurikyan Bagratids (10th and 11th centuries), as well as the Episcopal residence for the diocese (until the 11th century)…..The Sanahin monastery contains St Astvatsatsin (Holy Mother of God), St Amenaprkich (Redeemer) and St Grigor Churches, narthexes, fore-church, scriptorium, belfry and academy. St Astvatsatsin Church (AD 928-944) is a central-domed, cross-shaped …that reached to its perfection in the main building of the complex – St Amenaprkich Church. It was built between AD 957 and 966 ……..The church is approached through a narthex, built in AD 1181 in a cross-in-square plan ….The ornamentation of the capitals of the columns with symbolic sculptures in the shape of animal heads ……The narthex of St Astvatsatsin Church (built in AD 1211) is unique in its plan of a three-nave rectangular hall…..St Grigor Church dates to AD 1061. Its façades are notable for their smooth decorative arcatures and triangular niches…..St Harutyun Church (first quarter of the 13th century) and the ruins of St Hakob Church (second half of the 10th century) lie outside the monastery’s boundaries. ……More than 50 khachkars (cross-stones) are preserved in Sanahin, amongst which the most valuable are the khachkars of Grigor Tuteordi (on the northern wall of St Harutyun Church, by Mkhitar Kazmich) and Sargis (on the western wall of St Astvatsatsin Church). These khachkars are considered among the best examples of medieval Armenian sculpture…..St Karapet Church (end of the 10th century – beginning of the 11th century) stands on the eastern part of the complex, while the chapel of Sargis (end of the 10th century – beginning of the 11th century) stands on the western side (on a hill) of Sanahin. Also part of the inscribed property is the monumental single-span stone bridge across the Debet gorge, a bridge that has been preserved in its original form from the 13th century’.

This shows that migration to Armenia took place after 8^th c A.D. from Sri-kshetra region also known as ‘Vajrapura’; it was the meeting place of three rivers from which the name of ‘tri-dhar’ and Tribeni(Trabzan) have been derived.