Reflecting on the border of the Roman Empire of 2^nd c A.D. Unesco’s writings on this world heritage site reads, ‘It stretches over 5000 km from the Atlantic coast of north Britain, through Europe to the Black Sea, and from there to the Red Sea, and across North Africa to the Atlantic Coast’.

This forms the geographical base of the academic scholarship on the ancient Roman civilization; story of human civilization and its beginning thus has been misled on all accounts when Romans or the people of Ramanaka country are not seen through Ptolemy’s peripheral map of the ‘inhabited world’. When this heritage site is considered as the ‘outstanding examples of Roman military architecture and building techniques and of their technological development’, this misleading statement gallops in other academic areas to strengthen its footholds through different classroom texts.

The world heritage site, according to Unesco, consists of ‘three sections of the frontier: Hadrian’s Wall, the Upper German- Raetian Limes and the Antonine Wall, located in the north-western part of the Empire, constituting the artificial boundaries of the former Roman provinces Britannia, Germania Superior and Raetia: Running 130 km from the mouth of the River Tyne in the east to the Solway Firth,  Hadrian’s Wall was built on the orders of the Emperor Hadrian in AD 122 as a continuous linear barrier at the then northernmost limits of the Roman province of Britannia….. The Wall was supplemented by the ditch and banks of the vallum, supporting forts, marching camps and other features in a wide area to the north and south, linked by an extensive road network….The Upper German-Raetian Limes covers a length of 550 km and runs between Rheinbrohl on the Rhine and Eining on the Danube, built in stages during the 2nd century. …The Antonine Wall was built under the Emperor Antoninus Pius in the 140’s AD as an attempt to conquer parts of northern Britain and extends for some 60 km across central Scotland from the River Forth to the River Clyde’.

The area covered under the following ancient names, both by settlements and by river plains, marks a particular geographical region of the ancient world which will not extend itself more than 50 km; this shows the region from where the migrants left and thereafter established themselves in the present world heritage site.

Hadrian’s Wall—Name Hadrian’s root is either in ‘hrada’ or in ‘hada/Hade’(of Homeric epics) or in ‘Haladivasan’( of Pali texts; a Koliyan settlement) ; while the former pinpoints the ‘lake’ or the Caspian Sea, the latter marks the ancient Jerusalem; this Wall was originally constructed to control the river floods, and had in view to check the flow of volcanic eruptions also.

Antonine Wall—Antonine Wall was designated to identify the border between two independent countries or settlements; it is An-ti-lo or An-tu-lo Chinese pilgrims’ accounts. Ancient Indian history knew ot as Antardyoya.

Raetian Limes—The name significantly points to its root in Revata or/and Revati; the former was name of a former Buddha and also name of a prominent ancient teacher, and the latter is identified with a ‘star’ and daughter of a king/Upasika/ Nun etc; but Latin Limes certainly refers to ‘sima’ means ‘border’ between the country of the Upasikas means the ‘Sisters’ or Bhikshunis(Virgins) and the kingdom(of Cos).

River Tyne—This marks the ancient Tyna(of Alexander’s historians) as same as Tanais of the Bible. Here the river is as same as the Rhine and Styx.

Rheinbrohl—Rhein-brohl/ Rohiniya which identifies an asterism; an auspicious timing for planting the Bodhi Tree or the Tree of Wisdom; here –brohl means ‘bela’ means timing’.

Rhine—Rohini/name of a ‘star’ also.

Eining—Alanga/Aiginia

Danube—Dan river.

River Forth—River Basth or Vastha

River Clyde—River Kedar(Cede country) having its source in Mt Komedai.

Vallum—It refers to the name of an ancient monastery(also name of a place (Valu-gama): also identify place of ‘Women’ ; it was name of the horse of King Kappina.